The paper was developed in response to requests from ENNHRI members to address the pressing challenges faced by European NHRIs operating in the context of armed conflicts. Building on the experience of ENNHRI’s 2017–2020 project on the “Role of NHRIs in Situations of Conflict and Post-Conflict,” the Secretariat commissioned this scoping paper with partial support from the NHRI.EU grant, funded by the European Commission, and from ENNHRI extraordinary membership fees. The paper examines NHRIs working in different phases of armed conflict, highlighting the challenges they encounter, the solutions and instruments available, as well as good practices and strategies to strengthen their role.